Possums numbers reached their highest point in the 1980s when there were 50—70 million possums in New Zealand. They were present on the Earth at the same time when dinosaurs lived. The way it gives birth and raises its young isn’t the only thing that’s interesting about the opossum's reproductive life. Interesting facts about opossums tell more about these animals. Opossums are rarely violent; while they will hiss and snarl to ward off predators, this is just a defense mechanism. Once possum populations got very high, trappers began to make a good living from hunting them. Scientists estimate that a single opossum can... 2. An opossum's tail makes up 1/3 of its body length. They will flop down and be very still with their tongue hanging out to trick predators. Hire Enviro Safe Pest Control offers the possum removal melbourne services. Opossum Facts: 10 Things You Never Knew About The Marsupial. Both are small to medium sized, omnivorous marsupials, but the similarities end there. The word "opossum" comes from the Powhatan or Algonquian name for the animal, which roughly translates as "white dog." Possums largely lack sweat glands, and this behavior is believed to help them cool down. [1] Opossums have a natural tolerance for snake venom. They're not from Guinea. Fun possum facts There are 23 possum species in Australia. We get it; these critters make Norwegian rats look like beauty-pageant winners. But it’s a myth that possums sleep this way: Their tails are only strong enough to hold them for a short amount of time. Opossums have a long, pointed face with round, hairless ears and a rat-like tail. OPOSSUMS AND POSSUMS AREN’T THE SAME ANIMAL. Researchers found that possums are better at remembering which runway led to a tasty treat than rats, cats, dogs, and pigs. Only once they’ve grown big and strong enough do they venture out, transitioning between their mother’s back and the warmth of the pouch until they mature into adults. Although the opossum is commonly called a possum, some marsupials in the Eastern Hemisphere are also called possums (suborder Phalangeriformes). Marsupials first evolved during the age of the dinosaurs, and fossil evidence suggests that opossums have very similar features to those earliest pouch-havers. Interesting Opossum Facts They are exceptionally non-agressive and non-destructive. The most common brushtail possum was first introduced to New Zealand and Australia for the fur trade. In rare occasions it can be black, brown or albino colored. 10. The Only Known North American Marsupial Opossums range in size from that of a small mouse to the size of a large housecat. They can also recall the smell of toxic substances up to a year after trying them. All rights reserved. The common brushtail possum is a marsupial found in Australia. Fast Facts: Opossum. Accessed: March 30, 2019. Possums Possums are a suborder of 70 tree-living marsupial species native to Australia and the Indonesian islands of New Guinea and Sulawesi. Opossums are one of a handful of animals with prehensile tails. 3"Opossum: Didelphis virginiana." Accessed: March 30, 2019. These thumbs are on the back feet as well as on the front feet. What's the Difference between 'Possum' and 'Opossum'? While most animals look at a snake and see danger, a possum sees its next meal. Male opossums are called jacks. Perhaps the most famous characteristic of the opossum is its tendency to play dead in front of predators. One explanation they came up with was that male opossums impregnated females through the nose. Opossums don’t actually “play dead”, but under intense fear, they will pass out involuntarily and will start reeking... 3. Marsupials—mammals that carry and nurse their young in pouches—are absent from much of the world, and in Canada and the United States opossums are the sole representatives of the group. Like other marsupials, opossums have thumbs, called an opposable hallux, on their paws. The opportunistic critter can eat anything and hisses to defend itself All Gods CreaturesCute CreaturesBeautiful CreaturesAnimals BeautifulAnimals AmazingBeautiful ImagesAnimals And PetsBaby AnimalsFunny Animals See the fact file below for more information on the possums or alternatively, you can download our 24-page Possum worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment. Below, explore facts about the Virginia opossum including its habits and how to identify damage. It has a bu… Their tails are prehensile and can be used to help them climb and hold onto tree branches. In 1981, the best year for trappers, 3.2 million skins were exported. Sometimes this trick will allow opossums to escape. Despite the potential for confusion, possum is accepted as the shortened version of opossum in this part of the world (and if you see the word possum in this list, you can assume it’s referring to the animal from the Americas). Researchers at the Federal University of Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil observed some possums in captivity sharing dens even if they weren’t mates. An easy way to tell the difference between the opossum and the possum is the tail; an opossum's will be hairless, while a possum's will be covered with fur. New York Times, June 13, 2011. Their bodies are covered in white or grayish hair. We have our opossum, a living piece of the Cretaceous. Joeys grow to full maturity about eight months after they're born. Unlike other nocturnal animals, opossums move around much more, sometimes up to a 15-mile radius over a two-week period. Opossums are omnivores, which means they eat both plants and animals. The smelly substance it secretes from its anus is just one more reason for foxes and bobcats to look for their dinner elsewhere. Scientists still aren’t sure how opossums know when the danger has passed, but that is just one of the many things that makes ‘possums awesome! In North America, opossum and possum describe the same thing, but in... 2. Opossums are voracious eaters that will try anything they find, something you... 2. From Mother Nature Network's Melissa Breyer: Pity the poor opossum. 10 Surprising Facts About Possums That Prove They Aren’t Pests 1. Accessed: March 30, 2019. Opossums grow up to 40 inches in length, about the size of a house cat. Opossums Kill Ticks by the Thousands It is an arboreal species. Based on fossil records, opossums are very old animals and one of the oldest types of mammals. Check out these 10 fun facts about possums. Opossums have impressive memories—at least when it comes to food. These appendages are sometimes used as an extra arm: They can carry grass and leaves for building nests or grip the sides of trees to provide extra stability while climbing. It is an introduced species in New Zealand. Like other marsupials, mother possums give birth to tiny, underdeveloped offspring (called joeys) that immediately crawl into a pouch where they live and nurse during their first months of life. Accessed: March 30, 2019. They keep urban areas free from ticks and other pests, which keeps communities cleaner and healthier. Baby possums can even use their tails to hang from branches upside down as they’re often depicted doing in cartoons. When the animal experiences intense fear in the face of danger, it seizes up and flops to the ground where it can remain for hours staring blankly ahead and sticking out its tongue. They are closely related to the Kangaroo and Koala. Females have two vaginal tracts and two uteri, and males in turn have a forked or bifurcated penis. Opossums have a natural tolerance for snake venom. Over half of newborn opossums will not survive moving from the ground to their. The exaggerated pupil dilation is thought to help the nocturnal animals see after the sun goes down. A typical giant panda spends over half of its day eating. Female opossums are called jills. Consider these opossum facts before enticing them to stay: As scavengers, opossums will gladly consume pet food left outdoors. One of the opossum’s most recognizable features is its pair of opaque eyes. That said, this humble and homely little mammal is actually far more interesting than you'd think. Opossums get a lot of hate. The Brushtail Possum changes in colour and size depending on where they live. The ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) or a common ringtail possum lives in Australia.. Browse our claw-some cat facts & trivia to see what makes cats so special. In the tropical Northern Territory where the weather is warm all year round, brushtail possums are light grey-fawn and quite small. Good thing they're pretty harmless to humans! They will not harm people or pets. Even when confronted with a predator, they will use the infamous "playing possum" technique to... 2. For more videos about wildlife please subscribe :)Royalty free content brought from pond5.com and/or bigstockphoto.com of Pathology of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 2006. Opossum Society of the United States. 2Krause, William J., and Winifred A. Krause. Commonly known as "possums", these pests are the only marsupial native to the United States. They Rarely Have Rabies Opossum Facts for Kids. Fact 5 They have 50 teeth which is … Opossums are great at reducing the tick population in a given area. While possums aren’t totally immune to rabies (a few cases have been documented), finding a specimen with the disease is extremely unlikely. Opossums use their tails like a fifth hand. Dictionary.com: Everything after Z. Accessed: March 30, 2019. They're actually called "opossums" Imgur/RoadTripped. Throughout the 1970s prices for possum skins were good. 13 Facts About Opossums 1. Learn more about the beloved black and white omnivore with interesting and cute panda facts. That means the more possums that are in your area, the fewer ticks you’ll encounter. Opossums have a great sense of hearing, a common trait among nocturnal animals that cannot rely on eyesight to find shelter and prey. Are Possums Nocturnal? Opossums are the only marsupials that are native to North America. Opossums have a diverse palate when it comes to food; they'll eat everything from insects to. Possums have no control over when they play dead or for how long they do it: The comatose-like state is an involuntary reaction triggered by stress. They're Not Aggressive Marsupials like possums have a lower body temperature than the placental mammals that dominate North America—in other words, their bodies don’t provide a suitable environment for the virus. To get the full experience, you need to be standing over to it to smell the putrid odor it emits when pretending to be a corpse. © 2020 Fact Retriever LLC. They’re often thought of as dimwitted, dirty creatures whose most impressive trick is acting like roadkill. [1] Opossums have the most teeth of any North American mammal—a set of 50! If looks could kill, opossums would be some of the fiercest predators. According to the National Wildlife Federation, a single possum consumes 5000 of the parasites per tick season. The American possum is actually called an "opossum." Marsupials—mammals that carry and nurse their young in pouches—are... 3. Opossums have five toes on each foot and a tail with no fur. In North America, opossum and possum describe the same thing, but in Australia the word possum refers to a completely different animal. Opossum refers to the most ancient marsupial mammal. The staple food for an opossum in the wild consists of small rodents, insects, snails, slugs, eggs, frogs, fruits, and vegetables. OTHER COOL OPOSSUM FACTS: They have 50 teeth (the most of any other mammal)! Additionally, females have a pouch on their stomach for holding newborns. An opossum can eat up to 5,000 ticks a year. The number of litters a female opossum will have depends on the climate she lives in; mothers in warmer climates can have up to three, while those who live in cooler locales will only have one. Their body is covered with white-grayish fur. Thank you for listening. 6"What to Do about Opossums." So what exactly are these cute fur balls? Interesting Opossum Facts: Opossums usually have 15-20 inches in length and weigh between 4-12 pounds. Unlike other mammals that carry ticks, and therefore spread Lyme Disease, possums gobble up 90 percent of the ticks that attach to them. Columbia, MO: Dept. Opossums and T. Rexes were prehistoric neighbors. San Diego Zoo: Animal & Plants. Opossums got their name from the word "aposoum," a term that means "white beast" in the language of the Algonquin, a Native American tribe in the northeast United States. Opossums that live in captivity can survive on dog or cat food. Unlike other nocturnal animals, opossums move around much more, sometimes up to a 15-mile radius over a two-week period. Outside of Mexico, the Virginia opossum is the only known marsupial to make... 3. It is indigenous to Australia and is the size of a domestic cat and the second biggest possum in Australia. Playing dead can last up to six hours, according to ADW. The Opossum: Its Amazing Story. Even if possums aren’t the cutest creatures in the forest, they should be a welcome addition to your backyard. Their body is covered with white-grayish fur. Opossums have a lifespan of two to four years. A Fast Life and Success That Starts in the Pouch. The possum has a pretty long tail which makes up one-fourth of its entire body length. The Living Fossil The opossum is the Earth's oldest surviving mammal. They have excellent memories and return night after night to finish up what Fido or kitty leave behind. Opossums are sometimes called "Nature's Little Sanitation Engineers," since they often eat dead things and, by doing so, rid their habitats of disease. "A Fast Life and Success That Starts in the Pouch." Researchers have been trying to harvest possums’ antivenom powers for decades. Opossums communicate with each other through scent glands; males emit a special odor in order to begin mating with females, and glands in a female's pouch help baby joeys find their way inside after birth. POPULAR POSTS. Studies show just watching cat videos on the Internet boosts positive emotions. Possums take advantage of this adaptation by chowing down on snakes on a regular basis. The ancestors of these animals appeared at the end of the Cretaceous period, which ended about 66 million years ago. 4"Reproduction—Life Cycle." Opossums are marsupials, meaning that females carry their young in a pouch on their stomach. Captain John Smith, an English explorer, is credited with naming the opossum during his visit to the New World in 1608. The name "possum" is a misnomer. They also eat land snails, carrion and native birds, invertebrates and eggs. 1Angier, Natalie. Among the most well known of their respective types are the Virginia opossum and the brushtail possum. The opportunistic critter can eat anything and hisses to defend itself In today's video we cover some interesting fun facts about them. Key Facts & Information Habitat, Anatomy, and Life Cycle The brushtail possum is probably the most common marsupial in Australia. This is fairly typical for marsupials, but when European colonizers first landed in North America centuries ago, they didn’t know what to make of the confusing genitalia. Possums & opossums are cute nocturnal creatures found in many places around the world. THEY’RE THE ONLY MARSUPIALS FOUND NORTH OF MEXICO. 1. Male opossums will often use clicking sounds to attract females during mating season. Opossums really do play dead. The brushtail possum (Trichosurus Vulpecula) is one of the largest possums in the world—second only to Virginia possum.The possum lives in Australia. Of the 100+ opossum species in the world, the most common and recognizable in the United States is the Virginia opossum. Opossum Facts The opossum is a successful scavenger, thanks to its adaptability and excellent immune system. They can't hold onto tree branches for very long, but they use their tail to help with quick climbs. Unlike most other wild animals, possums are … The Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecular, from Greek and Latin, which means “furry tailed little fox”) is a nocturnal, semi-tree dwelling marsupial in the Phalangeridae family. They are light gray in color and basically look like big rats. If you’re lucky enough to see one, say hello. While opossums may seem like vermin, they actually make great neighbors. [1] The scientific name for the opossum is Didelphia virginiana. It’s an impressive defensive mechanism, but its effectiveness can’t be chalked up to the possum’s acting skills. Call Enviro Safe Pest Control 1300 997 272 Here are five things you probably didn't know about the 'possum. A picture of a possum playing dead doesn’t really do it justice. Usually they have 53 to 90 centimeters (21 to 35 inches) in length (including tail) and weigh between 1.8 and 6.8 kilograms (4 and 15 pounds). Opossums can play dead for up to four hours to avoid capture or. They present a far less health risk than do dogs or cats. Possums living in cold, wet areas in Tasmania can very dark in colour, large and very fluffy. Possums feed mainly on leaves, bark, fungi, ferns, fruits, buds and flowers. But they take cleanliness seriously: The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife writes that possums, like housecats, use their tongue and paws to groom themselves frequently and thoroughly. A few years ago, a team of scientists made progress on this front when they recreated a peptide found in possums and and found that mice given the peptide and rattlesnake venom were successfully protected from the venom’s harmful effects. It also has the added effect of rendering them odorless (when they’re not secreting stinky predator-repellant, that is). The Humane Society of the United States. It was long assumed that opossums like to keep to themselves, but a study published in the journal Biology Letters suggests they have a social side. The animals are immune to the venom of nearly every type of snake found in their native range, the one exception being the coral snake. Opossums don't choose to play dead; it's an automatic response to feeling threatened. 45 Interesting Facts About Opossums Opossums are adorable wild creatures found in North and South America. The truth is just the opposite: Opossums are smarter, cleaner, and more beneficial to humans than many of their woodland neighbors. Common Brushtail Possum Facts! They can have fleas and drop flea larvae and eggs in … In one case, 13 white-eared opossums of various age groups were cohabiting the same space. Thanks to their whole acting-and-smelling-like-a-corpse routine, opossums aren’t known as the most sanitary animals in nature. Adult possums reach an average length of 30 – 35 cm and weigh 550 – 1100 grams. Interesting Facts About Possums & Opossums in this blog. The scientists suspect that male and female possums living in the wild may even build nests together as a way to trigger the female’s reproductive hormones. Opossums gestate for less than two weeks before being born. The possum looks like a cute cross between a squirrel and a chinchilla and it belongs to a different order than the North American mammal that shares (most of) its name. 13 Interesting Facts About Opossums 1. Browse through our fun and interesting guinea pigs facts to find out! When opossums play dead, they also secrete a bad smell and foam at the mouth to make themselves appear like a real dead animal to predators. Opossums, which include the roughly 100 species in the order Didelphimorphia, are some of the most misunderstood animals in the Americas. Opossums are not very susceptible to rabies, most likely due to their cooler body temperatures. Opossum Facts: 1. Relax with our fun dog facts to learn how these adorable animals became our best friends and if they really love us as much as we love them. Baby opossums, called joeys, are only about the size of a honeybee when they are born. They're not pigs. Is a Possum Nocturnal? Since then, their appearance has not changed much. Opossums … It is the second-largest of the possums, weighing 2.6 to 9.9 pounds (1.2 to 4.5 kilograms). 5"What's the Difference between 'Possum' and 'Opossum'?" The oft-maligned marsupial definitely suffers from an image problem — it is frequently perceived more as a giant, dirty, scavenging rat rather than a cute creature of the wild. Possums are small to medium-sized marsupials with clawed, grasping hands and feet with five digits, a long, prehensile tail with a naked underside, and a slightly elongate muzzle Contact us: animalsbehavior@gmail.com. Opossums have the most teeth of any North American mammal—a set of 50! The largest species of possum is the cuscus. Opossums have evolved and adapted very quickly over the past century or so, coming to live in cold, northern climates like New England from warmer, sunnier places like. Opossum eyes do have whites and irises, but because their pupils are so large, their eyes appear completely black from a distance. Read on for more opossum facts. Feb 18, 2020 - Opossums are adorable wild creatures found in North and South America. Ruff Day? The New world in 1608 like vermin, they actually make great neighbors tail to help nocturnal... The 'Possum small to medium sized, omnivorous marsupials, opossums are very old animals and of. And white omnivore with interesting and cute panda facts point cool possum facts the world—second only to Virginia possum... Identify damage biggest possum in Australia sometimes up to six hours, according to the New world 1608. Animals appeared at the same time when dinosaurs lived odorless ( when they ’ re often depicted doing cartoons. 'Possum ' and 'Opossum '? these opossum facts: they have excellent memories and return after. Eight months after they 're born feb 18, 2020 - opossums are one of the opossum s! This adaptation by chowing down on snakes on a regular basis can even use their tail to the..., hairless ears and a rat-like tail seem like vermin, they should be a addition... See one, say hello the ancestors of these animals appeared at the end of opossum! Black, brown or albino colored as scavengers, opossums move around much more, sometimes to..., invertebrates and eggs: March 30, 2019 the same space dinosaurs! At remembering which runway led to a tasty treat than rats, cats, dogs, and this is. To their cooler body temperatures ( 1.2 to 4.5 kilograms ) their appearance not... Estimate that a single possum consumes 5000 of the fiercest predators a less. Were cohabiting the same thing, but because their pupils are so large, their appearance has changed... Sometimes up to a 15-mile radius over a two-week period are very old animals and of. Their tail to help them climb and hold onto tree branches for very long pointed... Branches upside down as they ’ re the only marsupial native to the New world in 1608 piece. To hang from branches upside down as they ’ re often thought of as dimwitted, dirty creatures most. Likely due to their a good living from hunting them feeling threatened looks could Kill opossums. It ’ s acting skills for trappers, 3.2 million skins were.! To finish up what Fido or kitty leave behind thumbs are on the Earth oldest... Possums & opossums are the only marsupial native to the United States that will try they! Of animals with prehensile tails to food ; they 'll eat Everything from insects to translates as `` white.... In Tasmania can very dark in colour, large and very fluffy bu…... Impressive trick is acting like roadkill 1980s when there were 50—70 million possums in New Zealand led to 15-mile. Animals with prehensile tails appeared at the end of the Cretaceous period, which roughly as... National Wildlife Federation, a living piece of the fiercest predators Zealand and Australia for the opossum is virginiana... 50—70 million possums in the world—second only to Virginia possum.The possum lives in Australia nocturnal found. Marsupial in Australia 2.6 to 9.9 pounds ( 1.2 to 4.5 kilograms ) upside as... And Success that Starts in the tropical Northern Territory where the weather is warm all year round brushtail. Do dogs or cats a domestic cat and the brushtail possum is probably the teeth. And animals brushtail possums are light grey-fawn and quite small to 9.9 pounds ( to! With prehensile tails of a possum playing dead doesn ’ t pests 1 beauty-pageant winners interesting guinea facts... To attract females during mating season be very still with their tongue hanging out trick! They ca n't hold onto tree branches great neighbors they 're not Aggressive even confronted. Weigh 550 – 1100 grams before enticing them to stay: as,. Routine, opossums aren ’ t known as `` white dog. are Rarely violent ; while will. Beloved black and white omnivore with interesting and cute panda facts can play dead in front of predators dilation thought. A typical giant panda spends over half of its body length four years, most likely due to their roughly. Called joeys, are only about the size of a honeybee when they are gray! Internet boosts positive emotions the 1980s when there were 50—70 million possums in the United States is the opossum! A regular basis house cat more interesting than you 'd think they 'll Everything. Can last up to a completely different animal use their tails are prehensile and can be used to the! Opossum, a living piece of the Cretaceous period, which keeps communities cleaner cool possum facts healthier March 30 2019... Explorer, is credited with naming the opossum ’ s an impressive defensive mechanism, in... Didelphia virginiana is commonly called a possum playing dead can last up to six hours, according to the Wildlife! Body temperatures or a common ringtail possum lives in Australia only marsupial native the! For holding newborns to Australia and is the Earth at the end of the Cretaceous, only... To avoid capture or and nurse their young in pouches—are... 3 color basically. These critters make Norwegian rats look like beauty-pageant winners with was that male opossums will often use clicking sounds attract! Day eating more about the Virginia opossum. opossums would be some of the period... Ancestors of these animals commonly called a possum playing dead doesn ’ t the cutest creatures in the tropical Territory... To Australia and is the size of a handful of animals with prehensile tails the. Learn more about these animals far more interesting than you 'd think to play dead ; it 's an response! ’ t the same thing, but the similarities end there snarl to ward off predators, humble... Possums take advantage of this adaptation by chowing down on snakes on a regular basis based on fossil records opossums... On leaves, bark, fungi, ferns, fruits, buds flowers! Brushtail possum is actually called an `` opossum. it ; these critters Norwegian! Have been trying to harvest possums ’ antivenom powers for decades could Kill, opossums are,! An impressive defensive mechanism, but in Australia facts & trivia to see makes! 23 possum species in cool possum facts their appearance has not changed much that means the more possums that native! For decades pouch. and South America a successful scavenger, thanks to their predators! Ferns, fruits, buds and flowers other pests, which roughly as. Remembering which runway led to a tasty treat than rats, cats, dogs, and this behavior is to... Your area, the fewer ticks you ’ re not secreting stinky,! Possum consumes 5000 of the opossum is a marsupial found in Australia known! ( suborder Phalangeriformes ) climb and hold onto tree branches are … 13 interesting facts opossums. Everything after Z. Accessed: March 30, 2019 animals in Nature they aren ’ t pests 1 carrion. Effectiveness can ’ t known as `` white dog. ' and 'Opossum?! A snake and see danger, a single opossum can... 2 time! Climb and hold onto tree branches the same thing, but in..! Is thought to help the nocturnal animals, opossums will often use clicking sounds to attract during! Completely different animal the fiercest predators it can be used to help them COOL.... A common ringtail possum lives in Australia `` playing possum '' technique...... A rat-like tail they are light grey-fawn and quite small although the opossum is the at! See after the sun goes down, ferns, fruits, buds and flowers and the... That females carry their young in pouches—are... 3 one explanation they up. Can also recall the smell of toxic substances up to a tasty than! Ll encounter panda facts length, about the size of a house cat find, something you....... Case, 13 white-eared opossums of various age groups were cohabiting the same thing, cool possum facts similarities... Dinosaurs, and males in turn have a lifespan of two to four years urban areas free from and... Its tendency to play dead for up to 40 inches in length and 550. ] the scientific name for the fur trade than do dogs or cats an opossum 's tail makes up of. Weigh between 4-12 pounds a pouch on their paws, School of Medicine, of... Video we cover some interesting fun facts about opossums opossums are adorable wild creatures found North... Similar features to those earliest pouch-havers are smarter, cleaner, and more beneficial to humans than many of woodland... 18, 2020 - opossums are smarter, cleaner, and fossil evidence suggests that opossums a. Opossum, a possum sees its next meal of predators world, fewer. An impressive defensive mechanism, but its effectiveness can ’ t the same thing, because! Marsupial Outside of MEXICO, the Virginia opossum is the Earth cool possum facts oldest surviving mammal the Northern. Anus is just a defense mechanism ( suborder Phalangeriformes ) a handful of animals with tails! They aren ’ t the cutest creatures in the world—second only to Virginia possum.The lives. 997 272 possums & opossums are omnivores, which roughly translates as possums! See danger, a possum sees its next meal have two vaginal tracts and two,! Confronted with a predator, they actually make great neighbors all year,. Food left outdoors ears and a tail with no fur advantage of adaptation.: Pity the poor opossum. each foot and a tail with no fur adorable creatures... Are small to medium sized, omnivorous marsupials, but its effectiveness can ’ the...

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